Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ledijithali, phantse wonke umntu usebenzisa iinkqubo ze-intanethi ukuze angene kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neewebhusayithi, ii-applications, ii-email, kunye nee-platforms ezahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-login technique, kwaye yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvavanya ukuba ngubani umsebenzisi ongenayo kwaye nokukhusela ulwazi lwakhe. Xa umntu esebenzisa igama lomsebenzisi kunye ne-password, inkqubo iqala inkqubo enzima kakhulu ngasemva ukuqinisekisa ukuba bathroom mntu unelungelo lokungena.
Xa umsebenzisi efaka iinkcukacha zakhe zokungena, loo datha ithunyelwa kwiserver ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-HTTPS, enceda ekufihleni lonke ulwazi oluthunyelwayo phakathi kwesixhobo somsebenzisi kunye ne-server. Oku kubalulekile kuba kuthintela abantu abangagunyaziswanga ekubeni babone okanye babe ulwazi olufana ne-password.
Emva kokuba ulwazi lufike kwiserver, aluthelekiswa ngqo ngendlela elula. Endaweni yoko, i-password iguqulwa ibe yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-hash. I-hashing yindlela yokuguqula ulwazi lube yikhowudi engenakubuyiselwa kwakhona kwifom yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba umntu angafikelela kwidatabase, akakwazi ukufunda i-password yokwenene yomsebenzisi. Le ndlela yenza ukhuseleko lube phezulu kakhulu.
Kukho kwakhona indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-salting, apho inkqubo yongeza idatha engahleliwe kwi-password ngaphambi kokuba iguqulwe ibe yi-hash. Oku kwenza ukuba ii-passwords ezifanayo zingavelisi iziphumo ezifanayo. Le ndlela ikhusela ngakumbi abasebenzisi kuba yenza kube nzima kakhulu kubagqekezi ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuzama ukucinga ii-passwords.
Xa i-login iphumelele, inkqubo yenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-session. I-session ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahlale engene ngaphandle kokufaka kwakhona i-password ngalo lonke ixesha etshintsha iphepha. Le session igcinwa kusetyenziswa ii-cookie kwibrowser yomsebenzisi. I-cookie yifayile encinci egcina ulwazi olufana ne-ID yomsebenzisi okanye i-token yokungena.
Nangona ii-cookie ziluncedo, kufuneka zikhuselwe kakuhle. Ukuba azikhuselwanga, zinokubiwa ngabantu abangendawo baze bazisebenzise ukuze bangene kwi-akhawunti yomnye umntu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo olufana ne-HttpOnly kunye ne-Safe flags. Ezi ziqinisekisa ukuba ii-cookie azifundeki zizikripthi ezingagunyaziswanga kwaye zithunyelwa kuphela ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo.
Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje, kukho indlela ethandwayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-token-dependent authentication. Xa umsebenzisi engena ngempumelelo, inkqubo inika i-token ekhethekileyo. Le token inika ulwazi malunga nomsebenzisi kwaye inexesha lokuphelelwa. Ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzisi esebenzisa inkqubo, le token ithunyelwa kwiserver ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba usagunyazisiwe.
Ukhuseleko lwe-login units alupheleli apha. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela ezifana ne-rate limiting. Le ndlela ithintela umntu ekuzameni amagama okugqitha amaninzi ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuba kukho imizamo emininzi engaphumelelanga, inkqubo inokumisa okwethutyana okanye ifune ukuqinisekiswa okongezelelweyo. Oku kunceda ekuthinteleni i-brute force attacks.
Kukho kwakhona i-CAPTCHA, esetyenziswa ukuhlula abantu bokwenene kwi-bots. Le nkqubo inokucela umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe imifanekiso ethile, asombulule imisebenzi elula, okanye afake ikhowudi ethile. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezizama ukuqhekeza ii-akhawunti.
Enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko yi-two-aspect authentication. Le ndlela ifuna inqanaba lesibini lokuqinisekisa emva kwe-password. Umzekelo, umsebenzisi unokufumana ikhowudi kwi-SMS okanye kwi-app yokhuseleko. Nokuba umntu uyayazi i-password, akakwazi ukungena ngaphandle kwale khowudi yesibini. Oku kwenza ukhuseleko lube namandla kakhulu.
Iinkqubo ezininzi zikwagcina iirekhodi zazo zonke iinzame zokungena. Ezi logs zinceda ukubona umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga, njengokuzama ukungena amaxesha amaninzi okanye ukusuka kwindawo engaziwayo. Kwiinkqubo eziphambili, i-AI isetyenziswa ukuhlalutya le datha ukuze kubonwe iingozi zokhuseleko kwangethuba.
Xa umsebenzisi elibala i-password yakhe, kukho inkqubo yokubuyisela i-akhawunti. Inkqubo ithumela ikhonkco lokutshintsha i-password kwi-imeyile okanye ikhowudi kwifowuni. Ezi back links zihlala zine-expiration time ukuze zingasetyenziswa kakubi. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukhuseleko lwe-akhawunti.
Namhlanje, itekhnoloji iya phambili iye kwi-passwordless devices. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa i-biometric authentication efana ne-fingerprint, ukuqaphela ubuso, okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko ye-password kwaye kwenza inkqubo ibe lula kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi.
Kukho nendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-Solitary Indicator-On (SSO), apho umsebenzisi angena kanye aze afumane ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu kunye neenkonzo ezidibeneyo. Nangona iluncedo kakhulu, kufuneka ikhuseleke kakuhle kuba ukuba i-akhawunti enye igqekezelwe, inokuchaphazela iinkonzo ezininzi.
Nangona zonke ezi nkqubo zikhona, akukho nkqubo ye-intanethi ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Izigrogriso ze-cybersecurity zihlala zikhula mihla le. Yiyo loo nto iinkampani kufuneka zihlale zihlaziya iinkqubo zazo, zilungise iimpazamo zokhuseleko, kwaye zisebenzise iindlela ezintsha zokukhusela abasebenzisi.
Abasebenzisi nabo banendima enkulu ekukhuseleni i-akhawunti zabo. akuntoto Kufuneka basebenzise i-password ezomeleleyo, bangasebenzisi i-password efanayo kwiindawo ezininzi, kwaye baphephe ukucofa iilinki ezingathembekanga. Ukhuseleko lusebenzisana phakathi kwenkampani kunye nomsebenzisi.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkqubo zokungena kwi-intanethi zibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi ledijithali. Zisebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezifana ne-encryption, hashing, periods, tokens, CAPTCHA, kunye ne-two-element authentication ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuphucuka, ezi nkqubo ziya zisiba nobulumko ngakumbi kwaye zikhuseleke ngakumbi, ziqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwabasebenzisi luhlala lukhuselekile kwihlabathi le-intanethi.